Forum Transcripts

Narrative: Good or Bad? 7/23/04

Event start time:

Fri Jul 23 19:05:33 2004

Event end time:

Fri Jul 23 20:42:36 2004



Legend:
Questions from the Audience are presented in red.
Answers by the Speaker are in black.
The Moderator's comments are in blue.

mary rosenblum

Hello, all!

mary rosenblum

I hope you've had a good week!

mary rosenblum

This is our After Hours Forum, with me, Mary Rosenblum, your web editor. I've published seven novels and more than 60 short stories and will do my best to answer any questions you have. If you're new here, remember that you need to click on the 'Ask a Question' button or the 'word bubble' next to the red question mark at the top of the screen in order to ask a question. Your regular 'send' bar won't reach me! Or you can use /ask and type your question into the regular send bar if that works better for you..

mary rosenblum

I hope you all have had a good week, with lots of words in spite of the distractions of the summer season.

mary rosenblum

I wanted to talk about narrative form tonight.

mary rosenblum

I know that we instructors and a lot of books on writing really lean on novice writers for focus on 'show, don't tell'.

mary rosenblum

But the does not mean that narrative is always a bad idea.

mary rosenblum

There are reasons to do narrative and there are reasons NOT to do narrative.

mary rosenblum

I should probably start by making sure that we all are on the same page where 'narrative' is concerned.

mary rosenblum

Narrative is when someone narrates or tells a story.

patchworkcat

Is narrative where you, as the writer, tell the story instead of the characters?

mary rosenblum

That's it, patch.

mary rosenblum

Although first person is a narrative, too. Only there, the POV character tells the story, rather than the author.

mary rosenblum

If you think of the fairy tales...Once upon a time in a castle far away, lived a wicked witch...

mary rosenblum

that is narrative. The author is telling you a bedtime story.

shayon-joseph

Isn't that akin to "third person" writing as well Mary?

mary rosenblum

Third person narrative is the author speaking, shayon.

mary rosenblum

BUT not all third person is narrative.

mary rosenblum

You have limited or 'deep penetration' third person. Omniscient third person. Cinematic third person.

mary rosenblum

These are not narrative.

ccollier

Would you call Wuthering Heights a narrative Mary

mary rosenblum

Gosh, Christine, I haven't read WH in probably 20 years! But as I recall it is. That was the 'usual style' until quite recently.

roe

Egad sounds like you are going to have to do a forum on all the third persons

mary rosenblum

I probably should. Most novice writers sort of blend them all, and as when you blend all the colors in a paintbox...you get gray.

deb1234

What is onmiscient third person?

mary rosenblum

On

mary rosenblum

Omniscient means 'all seeing' deb.

mary rosenblum

And omniscient POV is also known as 'beginners POV'. :-) It means you switch POV as needed...

mary rosenblum

so that in a single scene you may be in Mom's POV as she thinks about how lazy Janie is, in Janie's POV as she thinks about how mean Mom is...

mary rosenblum

and in Billy's POV as he decides he's going to sneak out of the house after dinner and go fishing wiht Robbie.

mary rosenblum

It effectively distances the reader from ALL characters and is a very weak form unless the story is highly plot driven. Then it can work just fine.

ccollier

It starts out with that guest telling the entire story

mary rosenblum

Wuthering Heights...that's right, I"d forgotten that! Yes, and it's actually a first person narrative..

mary rosenblum

because the guest is telling the story rather than the author. That is a good example of narrative first person, as opposed to a direct first person, where the character seems to be talking to us as events happen (or talking to herself) rather ...

mary rosenblum

than telling a story after the fact.

mermaid2499

wow how do you know which one your writing in?

mary rosenblum

Once you learn to identify the forms you can write in a particular form. Most new writers, as I said, so a sort of gray mix of omniscient, and narrative third or first.

mary rosenblum

Let's start with why books on writing and LR instructors beat on new writers to 'show don't tell' rather than do narrative.

mary rosenblum

It is NOT because narrative is inherently bad. It can be stronger than a non narrative form in certain circumstance.

mary rosenblum

It is because it is the 'default' for all of us when we start writing. Me, too. Every one of us starts out doing narrative.

mary rosenblum

If your neighbor asks you what happened at the block meeting, you tell her what happened.

mary rosenblum

It is in your voice. You're not trying to recreate it so that she lives it...you're just telling her about it.

mary rosenblum

We all start out telling stories like the fairy tales...Once upon a time...

mary rosenblum

So why is this not okay?

mary rosenblum

Well, think about it.

mary rosenblum

If you find a crying child in the park and help her find her mother who was terrified and is SO grateful..

mary rosenblum

that is quite a day, full of worry for the little girl, relief when you find mom, and of course, mom's gratitude and the child's delight.

mary rosenblum

You have experienced all of this.

mary rosenblum

Now if your neighbor tells you about finding a child in the park and finding mom...

mary rosenblum

do you experience it? No. All your neighbor has imparted is information. I did this, I found that, we went over there.

mary rosenblum

The experience and the account from your neighbor are not equal at all.

mary rosenblum

And while information is nice to know...

mary rosenblum

what beguiles the reader, what makes the story memorable, is that we LIVE it right along with our character.

mary rosenblum

Haven't you ever found yourself oblivious to the real world, lost in the world of the story, seeing that landscape, hearing the voices of the characters? That is not information only.

mary rosenblum

That is experience, much as we experience finding that child.

mermaid2499

no one can see the image in your head that you seee

mary rosenblum

Sure they can, mermaid. That's your job as writer.

mary rosenblum

Until we develop the telepathic hyperlink, YOU the author are responsible for seeding that landscape into your reader's brain.

mary rosenblum

Now that reader's image won't be exactly like yours...that is the power of prose...

mary rosenblum

each of us creates our own universe and it is ours. It isn't quite like anyone else's.

mary rosenblum

But as authors we give the readers the seed, and like a crystal growing, the reader fills in the rest of the picture. They are similar enough that they dont jar the reader. My MC, for example...

mary rosenblum

won't look quite like your image of him, but they will be similar.

mary rosenblum

This is our After Hours Forum, with me, Mary Rosenblum, your web editor. I've published seven novels and more than 60 short stories and will do my best to answer any questions you have. If you're new here, remember that you need to click on the 'Ask a Question' button or the 'word bubble' next to the red question mark at the top of the screen in order to ask a question. Your regular 'send' bar won't reach me! Or you can use /ask and type your question into the regular send bar if that works better for you..

barbe

Once upon a time... nothing's happening. No moving picture

barbe

for the reader to see.

mary rosenblum

That's it, barbe.

mary rosenblum

It's like my neighbor telling me about her flat tire on the way home. I don't feel anything.

mary rosenblum

I'm not out there on the freeway with no shoulder, terrified that a truck will flatten me.

mary rosenblum

She simply tells me she was scared.

mermaid2499

thats what i meant as a writer you ahve to show the image lol

mary rosenblum

Exactly, mermaid.

mary rosenblum

So most of the time, we need to make our readers care about the character.

mary rosenblum

And if the reader needs to care about that character, narrative distances us so much from that person that they don't become real. And therefore we really don't care.

mermaid2499

if you write and think of something sad will your character be sad?

mary rosenblum

Mermaid, if you create a sad character that character is sad. YOU don't need to be sad, for your character to be sad.

patchworkcat

So when is narrative a good thing?

deb1234

So when is 1st POV appropriate?

mary rosenblum

I put these up together because I want to point out that while first person is narrative, not all narrative is first person. :-)

mary rosenblum

But the reasons to use first person and the reasons to use authorial narrative voice overlap.

mary rosenblum

Why would I want to tell the story?

mary rosenblum

Well, if I don't want readers to identify with the character.

mary rosenblum

Narrative is a good way to handle come-uppance stories, with a negative main character who will get his in the end.

mary rosenblum

It is difficult to create say, a serial killer that we can become intimate to.

mary rosenblum

What is a serial killer like on the inside?

mary rosenblum

I truely don't know, and I'm not sure that many readers would believe my version of one.

mary rosenblum

So if I want to do a story with a serial killer as main character, I may either let HIM narrate the story, or I may narrate it.

mary rosenblum

I don't want to get too close to this slime, and my story is meant to show the result of his actions somehow...it's a strongly plot driven story.

mary rosenblum

So who should tell it, he or I?

mary rosenblum

Well, here I would consider vocabulary. He has a third grade education, he uses the F word a lot, he's not very articulate. Nah. He'll bore readers to tears.

mary rosenblum

I'll let him have a little dialogue, but no way to I let him have 20 pages!

mary rosenblum

I'll tell the story. And I can use all the word power at my disposal to make the story dark, or creepy, or suspenseful. this is a plot driven story, remember, so I can use my ...

mary rosenblum

language skills to really set a strong mood and make the reader see the scene vividly.

mary rosenblum

I am the better choice to tell this story.

mary rosenblum

But what about the runaway kid who lives on the San Francisco streets for two years?

mary rosenblum

He grew up reading, he's articulate, a thoughtful kid from a troubled past. His voice will enrich the story. He'll tell the story with his own perspective. And his perspective on people, cops, street folk, is different than my perspective as the person I am...

mary rosenblum

so he is clearly the one to tell the story.

mary rosenblum

And that is an illustration of what you need to remember about narrative.

mary rosenblum

When you, the author, tell the story, YOU ARE A CHARACTER.

mary rosenblum

Your voice needs to add to the story.

mary rosenblum

Most narrative is done in a gray, featureless monotone.

mary rosenblum

The novice author uses his/her vocabulary and voice but invests no emotion in the story.

mary rosenblum

Uh uh.

mary rosenblum

If your voice doesn't ADD to the story, don't use narrative.

mary rosenblum

If someone else's voice is stronger than yours, let that character tell the story.

mary rosenblum

If nobody has a very strong voice, use third person limited POV.

mary rosenblum

I use first person infrequently and narrative voice not at all (at least to date).

mary rosenblum

That is simply because I am not overly fond of narrative, and I don't do a strong narrative.

mary rosenblum

I can do a strong first person narrative when I have a character with an intersting voice or perspective on the world...

mary rosenblum

but if that character's voice is not strong, if his outlook on the world does not add a lot to the story, I don't use it.

mary rosenblum

Narrative is a way to tone down horror or violence, too.

mary rosenblum

Remember that telling a story isn't nearly as terrifying as the story you live through.

rupbert

If the reader doesn't care, he won't continue reading?

mary rosenblum

Or he'll continue reading obsessively and not read any more of your work, rupbert. You got that right!

mary rosenblum

Your reader needs to care about something...the plot is fun, she loves the character, something!

shayon-joseph

Mary, can you recommend a good book I can add to my library spelling out all the different modes/voices and POV's--that you just described?

mary rosenblum

Shayon, Orson Scott Card's Character and Characterization has some good sections on POV. I can't think of a book that deals with it exclusively.

mary rosenblum

Most of us, myself included, have a preferred POV.

mary rosenblum

If it is first, you should probably think hard about that.

mary rosenblum

If your first person character sounds the same in three different stories, maybe you should try to improve your third person!

mary rosenblum

What I see most often in both first person and narrative stories is a bland author voice.

mary rosenblum

Remember, everything you do in writing is for a reason. There IS no default...

mary rosenblum

but of course we all have them. :-)

mary rosenblum

Learn to question your own auto-pilot actions. What would happen if I made this a first person piece?

mary rosenblum

I frequently rewrite a first scene in the other POV just to compare it.

shayon-joseph

Where's the cheat-sheet? LOL

mary rosenblum

There is one, shayon. :-) If you did it without thinking about it...maybe you shouldn't.

mary rosenblum

It is WELL worth your time and good practice, too, to try a scene for a proposed story in both first and third POV.

mary rosenblum

See which one really wants to take off.

mary rosenblum

Narrative is a good way to make the reader comfortable. It IS the fairytale voice.

mary rosenblum

It tells the reader...'you don't have to worry, it's just a story and nothing bad will happen to you.'

mary rosenblum

There are some very effective horror stories where a nice reassuring narrative suddenly 'turns on' the reader at the end...

mary rosenblum

as the narrator says, in effect, 'ha, fooled you, the monster is right behind you!'

bud

Mary, Sherri Szeman's "Mastering Point of View" is good.

mary rosenblum

Good, I haven't read it. Bud, if you want to write me a review of it, I'll post it on the website. That's a publication clip, hint hint.

deb1234

I've had a paranormal experience. Is it better to do the story in 1st or 3ed? eg: I don't know what I saw. If I did I wouldn't be so upset. Or: She paced the room, unsure of how to proceed. Well she started. She had to finsh now that she had his attention. Both are the beginning of telling the husband what she'd seen.

mary rosenblum

It's hard to judge from a short sample like this, but think about the story as a whole.

mary rosenblum

Are you going to want to show the reader a lot of visuals?

mary rosenblum

Third person works better for visuals than a first person narrative. Author narrative works better for visuals than even third, but you lose character identification. I wouldn't do it here.

deb1234

Yes

mary rosenblum

More visuals than thought tend to suggest third, deb.

mary rosenblum

I find that I use first when I have a very inward-focused character and not a lot of action.

mary rosenblum

My next story in Asimov's, "Skin Deep' is first person for that reason. Most of what goes on takes place in a single room.

mary rosenblum

Since a lot of the story would have been thought and visuals weren't a big addition, first person with an interesting voice, added to the story.

shayon-joseph

I've always thought, once one commits to a POV or narrative voice, you have to stay in it for the duration of story---easier on the reader?

mary rosenblum

Absolutely, Shayon.

mary rosenblum

Changing voice is a major jar. If you are going to change from first to third person...

mary rosenblum

you need to make that big jolt an addition to the story, not a subtraction. And it can work.

mary rosenblum

Now POV you can change, but it distances your readers from the characters when you switch POV.

mary rosenblum

So it tends to be effective in stronly plot driven stories where we don't have to get very intimate with the characters or care a lot about them.

mary rosenblum

Most books on writing will tell you to stick to a single POV for a short story.

mary rosenblum

That's a good rule of thumb.

mary rosenblum

But multiple POV can work.

mary rosenblum

Just because they CAN work does not mean they WILL work for your story just because you want 'em to. :-)

roe

romance is the only thing I've read that had more than one pov that I liked

mary rosenblum

Well...taking a deep breath because the Romance readers here about about to throw stones at me......

mary rosenblum

most of the Romance characters I have read have fairly shallow as characters go.

mary rosenblum

AND we're talking novel here, right?

mary rosenblum

It is actually better to have more than a single POV in your novel, if you're doing third person.

mermaid2499

thats not writing thats umm playing on paper

mary rosenblum

Well, yes, and playing is fun. I am not dissing Romance, understand, but it has a very well defined formula and it works very well within that formula.

mary rosenblum

I have nothing against writing it. Except that I don't do it well! LOL

mermaid2499

i agree i read it for fun ..writing is umm interesting

mary rosenblum

It is fun. I read 'em once in awhile.

mary rosenblum

So narrative can add several things to a story

mary rosenblum

You have your language...which is probably better than that of your characters.

mary rosenblum

You have the ability to 'tone down' extremes with a little reassuring 'this is a story' voice.

mary rosenblum

and you can present us with characters that none of us want to understand too well or get too intimate with.

roe

Well, it might be playing, but I'd like to play with the numbers Nora Roberts has LOL

mary rosenblum

No kidding!

mary rosenblum

Believe me, if I wasn't running this website and teaching for LR, I'd be busting my behind to establish myself in the Romance market!

mary rosenblum

For those of you who don't know..Nora Roberts makes quite a bit more money than Stephen King.

mary rosenblum

Whta you don't want to do is to simply use narrative by accident.

mary rosenblum

Which brings us to the question that somebody is about to ask, I know it...

mary rosenblum

what is the difference between narrative third person and limited third person.

mary rosenblum

Someone want to volunteer a short paragraph with a character doing something? You can send it in pieces.

lilithangel

Is narrative omniscient and limited not?

mary rosenblum

No.Omniscient POV isn't narrative at all.

mary rosenblum

It is the story shown through multiple POVs...everybody in other words.

mary rosenblum

Narrative third person is the author telling the story.

roe

Susan curled her hair. The mirror's reflection showed her tanned skin. Exciment gleamed in her eyes. Tongiht was the night of the big dance and Luke was going to be there

mary rosenblum

That's good, roe. I can make it more clearly through Susan's POV, but it's sort of a mix of narrative and limited now.

mary rosenblum

Do it this way. Plop yourself into Susan's head. What is SHE aware of? How does she perceive these things?

mary rosenblum

Darn that wispy front hair. She wound the strand around the iron for a third time. Gonna get it cut short and to heck with Mom. She tilted her head, made Madonna lips in the mirror. Giggled.

mary rosenblum

Hey, at least she had a good tan. Luke was gonna drool when he saw the dress. No straps. She couldn't believe Mom let her buy it, but I guess Prom meant something to her.

mary rosenblum

Okay, what I did was put all those little visuals into her perspective..except the eyes. When WAS the last time you looked at yourself and thought...excitement is dancing in my eyes!

mary rosenblum

Well, I could have had her think... Her eyes looked really blue tonight.

mary rosenblum

Or something like that, but it felt like too much so I left it out.

mary rosenblum

We are listening in on her thoughts here, so we figure out for ourselves, eavesdroppers that we are, that her hair is hard to curl, that she has a good tan and Luke is probably her boyfriend.

mary rosenblum

She's going to the prom and she likes Madonna enough to emulate her when he pouts in the mirror.

mary rosenblum

The trick is to ask yourself...how would she say this, think this, perceive this. And use HER words, not yours.

mary rosenblum

She isn't going to think: The mirror's reflection shows my tan skin.

mary rosenblum

She's more likely to think. Oooh, nice tan. Glad I spent yesterday at the pool.

mary rosenblum

But in both cases we see her tan skin.

wildcountryca

hoping she will look good enough to dazzle Luke? now was the time to be put together just perfectly, she was going to get her man!

mary rosenblum

That works, Ask yourself though...would she think..Now is the night to get my man?

mary rosenblum

Or would she use other words?

mary rosenblum

Remember...the key to that limited third and GOOD characterization is use ONLY the character's words.

roe

so would my example be third person narrative?

mary rosenblum

Yes, it is, roe.

mary rosenblum

It's good narrative, but what narrative does is move us back to the seats in the theater.

mary rosenblum

We are outside the scene, noticing how her tan shoulders reflect in the mirror and how her eyes sparkle.

barbe

Did you not move in AND out of her head, though, when you

barbe

wrote, "She tilted her head..." etc. Is this a combination

mary rosenblum

Well, you have to fudge a bit, barbe, since you also need to let the reader see the scene.

mary rosenblum

She would feel her head tilt, but wouldn't think about it at all, unless her neck hurt!

mary rosenblum

So you sneak in visuals like that, but immerse them in as much of the character's thoughts and perceptions as you can, and readers don't notice 'em.

mary rosenblum

Let me do a really strongly narrative piece here for contrast.

mary rosenblum

This is our After Hours Forum, with me, Mary Rosenblum, your web editor. I've published seven novels and more than 60 short stories and will do my best to answer any questions you have. If you're new here, remember that you need to click on the 'Ask a Question' button or the 'word bubble' next to the red question mark at the top of the screen in order to ask a question. Your regular 'send' bar won't reach me! Or you can use /ask and type your question into the regular send bar if that works better for you..

mary rosenblum

Susan curled her lovely golden hair. The mirror reflected her smooth, tan skin and her supple figure. She was an athletic girl, a cheerleader, and the captain of the gynastics team. He eyes sparked with excitement as she thought of the dance. Her boyfriend Luke was taking her.

wildcountryca

so would you sneak "tiltiling her head, she continued brushing her hair? or something like that?

mary rosenblum

I'd probably try to put that 'brushing her hair' strongly into her perception in order to mask that tilting her head, wild. Something like, tilting her head, she stroked the brush though her hair one last time. Perfect.

mary rosenblum

Okay in the above example, I am telling you everything. This is much more narrative than roe's example. Roe didn't tell us anything intentionally as Author, but here, I do.

mary rosenblum

I tell readers that she is captain of the gynmastics team and a cheerleader.

mary rosenblum

I am telling you backstory.

roe

so by adding her thoughts we make her come alive

mary rosenblum

Yes, roe, it helps. It allows you to convert that narrative back story into something that seems to the reader to be the character 'showing' us.

mary rosenblum

You could find a reason for her to think of the cheerleaders she knows, or about the gymnastics tournament next week...

mary rosenblum

and we'd know she's a cheerleader and at least on the team.

wildcountryca

so backstory fills in the gaps and gives the reader more reason to continue?

mary rosenblum

backstory, plopped in by the author as I did above, reminds the reader shaply that they are NOT living the story. Not a good idea.

mary rosenblum

Let the character tell the back story through actions, conversation, or thought.

mary rosenblum

I want my readers so caught up in the story that they'd jump out of their skin if you tiptoed up and said 'boo'.

mary rosenblum

IT is very usual for novice writers to simply tell us all the back story they think we need to know...

mary rosenblum

and we usually need to know far less than they tell us.

mary rosenblum

But with a little ingenuity, you can get your character to reveal it.

mary rosenblum

Now if you do narrative intentionally, then you need to work at making it strong as much as you need to work at making other characters strong.

mary rosenblum

A lot of the well known personal narrative and humor writers have GREAT narrative voices.

mary rosenblum

Patrick Mcmanus...who can reduce me to having an accident, I'm laughing so hard....or Bailey White.

mary rosenblum

I have picked up something by her and recognized who wrote it before I ever looked at the by line.

mary rosenblum

A strong narrative voice can be a powerful strength for you as a write.

mary rosenblum

writer...

mary rosenblum

But a bland, monotone narrative voice isn't going to help the piece at all.

mary rosenblum

In that case, you're better off with first or third person limited POVs.

mary rosenblum

So avoid narrative form unless you need to use it and it will help your story.

mary rosenblum

Otherwise stick to first or third POV.

mary rosenblum

Don't let it be your default.

mary rosenblum

And for a really good limited third person..keep asking yourself..how would he say this? How would he describe this? What would he feel, see, smell, hear right now?

wildcountryca

because I did come in late then, could you please if everyone doesn't mind explain to me good narative

mary rosenblum

It's kind of a long explanation, wild, but I'll be posting the transcript in a couple of minutes, and you can go back and read the examples and explantations.

mary rosenblum

Basically, there are times when narrative is useful, but it should only be used when it adds to the story....

mary rosenblum

not because it is habit.

mary rosenblum

I'll do a Forum on Point of View...all of them!

mary rosenblum

I know a lot of people get confused over all the various thirds... and there are two different firsts, too.

wildcountryca

thanks, I am finding all of this difficult and wonder if I will ever get it...I appreciate the help though

mary rosenblum

YOu know, that is always the thing to be wary of when you take courses, or listen to writers teach craft...

mary rosenblum

it can just seem so overwhelming. But you know...you learn one new thing at a time...

mary rosenblum

and your skill in writing improves by 'quantum leaps'.

mary rosenblum

One day you'll sit down to work on a scene and all of a sudden..you've got it!

mary rosenblum

Limited third! Really DEEP limited third!

mary rosenblum

I can still remember many of those 'aha' moments...

mary rosenblum

as I finally 'got' good dialogue and finally wrote a scene that was really tight!

mary rosenblum

Part of the reason that I repeat topics here, is that you can hear the 'how to' quite a few times before you 'get' it. But you will. Don't worry.

shayon-joseph

We've talked about 1st and 3rd person....is there such a thing as 2nd person, Mary?

mary rosenblum

Sure. Ever read 'choose your own adventure' books? LOL " YOu walk down the hall. There are two doors , you must choose the left or the right, which one do you choose?

roe

As the saying goes, these things take time. LOL

mary rosenblum

Oh they do, but you now what?

mary rosenblum

I have graduated quite a few students for LR and in every case, the improvement from Assignment One to the final assignment was really impressive

mary rosenblum

Even in some people who started with limited skills.

mary rosenblum

You get better with every word you write, but YOU can't see it because it's a continuous process.

mary rosenblum

When you look back at something you wrote a year ago...THEN you see it!

mary rosenblum

Well, my dogs are staring at me with that 'Your time is up' look. LOL. Time to go take 'em for their run. I'll post the transcript in Writing Craft: Forum Transcripts.

mary rosenblum

And if it makes you all feel better...

mary rosenblum

I was obtuse when it came to limited third when I stared. Orson Scott Card tried for a week to teach me how to do it and finally gave up. :-)

mary rosenblum

I do it very well now, thank you.

wildcountryca

I actually sent a poem to a publisher the other night just to see what will happen lol

mary rosenblum

Good for you, wild!

barbe

Thanks, Mary. A very helpful class. Looking forward to

barbe

the multiple POVs class...

mary rosenblum

I'll do an article on it for the website, too, as a companion for the Forum.

mary rosenblum

It's something a lot of beginners struggle with!

mary rosenblum

See you all for our open chat on Sunday

mary rosenblum

Same time as this...an everything goes sort of conversation.

mary rosenblum

See you Sunday!

mary rosenblum

Bye all!

 

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